What is Tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils, which are two oval-shaped lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat. It is commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections and results in symptoms such as a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and swollen glands. Tonsils play a crucial role in the immune system by acting as a first line of defense against pathogens entering through the mouth and nose. However, recurrent or severe infections can lead to chronic tonsillitis, requiring medical intervention.
Treatment options vary based on the cause, ranging from home remedies and medications to surgical removal (tonsillectomy) in persistent cases. Treatment options depend on the severity and underlying cause, including rest, hydration, antibiotics for bacterial infections, or surgical removal (tonsillectomy) in severe or recurrent cases.
Causes of Tonsillitis:
- Adenovirus – One of the most common viruses causing tonsillitis, adenoviruses are responsible for upper respiratory tract infections, leading to symptoms like sore throat, cough, and fever.
- Rhinovirus – A leading cause of the common cold, rhinovirus infections can lead to sore throat, congestion, and tonsillitis symptoms.
- Influenza Virus (Flu Virus) – The flu virus can cause tonsil inflammation, leading to fever, body aches, fatigue, and difficulty swallowing.
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) – The virus responsible for infectious mononucleosis (mono), EBV causes severe throat pain, swollen tonsils, and extreme fatigue.
- Enteroviruses – Such as Coxsackievirus, which causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease, leading to painful sores in the throat, tonsillitis, and fever.
Symptoms of Tonsillitis:
- Lymph Node and Ear Symptoms: Swollen and tender lymph nodes – Enlarged glands in the neck, often painful to touch.
- Throat and Tonsil Symptoms: Severe sore throat – Persistent throat pain that worsens with swallowing.
- Fever and General Infection: High fever – Temperature above 100.4°F (38°C), more common in bacterial tonsillitis.
- Respiratory and Nasal Symptoms: Runny or stuffy nose – More common in viral tonsillitis, leading to congestion.
- Severe or Complicated Symptoms (Require Medical Attention): Difficulty breathing – Extreme swelling of the tonsils can obstruct the airway.
